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Pyrazinamide (pyrazinamide)

Indications

Pyrazinamide is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

Dosage and Administration

• Follow your doctor’s prescribed dosage and schedule strictly.
• Take tablets with a full glass of water after meals to reduce stomach upset.
• Drink plenty of fluids while taking pyrazinamide to prevent kidney stones.
• Complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better before finishing.
• Do not crush or chew the tablets; swallow them whole.
• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking pyrazinamide, as it may increase the risk of liver damage.
• Do not skip doses or stop treatment prematurely, as it may lead to treatment failure and development of drug-resistant TB.
• Do not share your medication with others, even if they have similar symptoms.

Mechanism of Action

Pyrazinamide works by disrupting the formation of bacterial proteins necessary for the survival and replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is bactericidal against actively dividing tubercle bacilli.

Contraindications

• Do not use it if you are allergic to pyrazinamide or any component of the tablets.
• Avoid in patients with severe liver disease or gout.
• Not suitable for individuals with acute gout attacks or hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood).
• Use with caution in patients with diabetes or renal impairment.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Joint pain
• Fatigue

Serious Side Effects

• Liver toxicity (yellowing of skin/eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
• Joint swelling or pain
• Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
• Vision changes

Precautions

• Inform your doctor about any other medications you are taking to avoid interactions, especially other anti-tuberculosis drugs.
• Monitor liver function tests regularly during treatment.
• Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney stones while taking pyrazinamide.
• Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and use sunscreen, as pyrazinamide may increase sensitivity to sunlight.
• Inform healthcare providers of your TB status before receiving any immunizations.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature, between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Keep the tablets in their original container, tightly closed.
• Protect from light and moisture.

References

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=ecee3128-a47f-4ced-a1db-4f58c5f3e9c6