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Nizoral (ketoconazole)

Indications

• Treatment of Fungal Infections: Nizoral is used to treat various fungal infections in your body, including infections of the skin, mouth, throat, and esophagus.
• Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis: This medication is effective for long-term fungal infections affecting your skin, nails, and mucous membranes.
• Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Coccidioidomycosis: Nizoral treats severe fungal infections affecting your lungs and other body organs.
• Dermatophyte Infections: It treats fungal infections of your skin, hair, and nails, such as athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm.

Dosage and Administration

• Take Nizoral tablets exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Take the tablet with food to increase absorption.
• Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose.
• Do not take more than the recommended dose.
• Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Nizoral as it can increase the risk of liver damage.
• Do not skip doses or stop taking the medication without consulting your doctor.
• Avoid taking antacids within 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking Nizoral, as they can reduce its effectiveness.

Mechanism of Action

Nizoral works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. By disrupting the production of ergosterol, Nizoral weakens the fungal cell membrane, causing it to become porous and leading to the death of the fungal cells.

Contraindication

• Do not use Nizoral if you have acute or chronic liver disease.
• Avoid Nizoral if you are allergic to ketoconazole or any other components of the tablet.
• Do not take Nizoral if you are using medications such as cisapride, dofetilide, or quinidine due to the risk of severe heart problems.
• Nizoral is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless clearly needed and prescribed by a doctor.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Headache
• Dizziness

Serious Side Effects

• Liver problems (e.g., yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine)
• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing)
• Irregular heartbeat
• Severe fatigue
• Unusual bleeding or bruising

Precautions

• Regularly monitor your liver function through blood tests while using Nizoral, as it can cause liver damage.
• Inform your doctor of any heart condition, as Nizoral can cause serious heart problems.
• Refrain from drinking alcohol during the treatment to reduce the risk of liver damage.
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid harmful interactions.
• Discuss potential risks with your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Storage Instructions

• Store Nizoral tablets at room temperature, between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children.
• Protect from light and moisture.
• Do not store it in the bathroom.
• Dispose of any expired or unused medication properly.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/018533s041lbl.pdf