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MacroBID (nitrofurantoin monohydrate)

Indications

MacroBID is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

Dosage and Administration

• Take MacroBID (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate) exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Swallow the capsules whole with a full glass of water.
• Take MacroBID (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate) with food to enhance absorption and reduce stomach upset.
• Complete the full course of treatment even if you start feeling better.
• Do not skip doses or stop taking MacroBID (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate) early without consulting your doctor. 
• Do not crush, chew, or open the tablets.
• Do not take more or less than the prescribed dose.

Mechanism of Action

MacroBID (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate) works by interfering with the bacterial enzymes that regulate the formation of proteins and other vital components, effectively inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and leading to the death of the bacteria causing the infection.

Contraindications

Do not use MacroBID (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate) if you have:

• Hypersensitivity to Nitrofurantoin or any component of the formulation.
• Anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance under 60 mL/min).
• A history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with Nitrofurantoin.
• Pregnancy at term (38-42 weeks gestation), labor, and delivery, or in infants under one month of age.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Flatulence
• Loss of appetite

Serious Side Effects:

• Pulmonary reactions (e.g., acute, subacute, or chronic pulmonary reactions)
• Hepatotoxicity
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Hemolytic anemia (particularly in patients with G6PD deficiency)
• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis)

Precautions

• Pulmonary Reactions: Monitor for symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever. Discontinue MacroBID (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate) if these symptoms occur.
• Hepatotoxicity: Monitor liver function tests periodically. Discontinue if signs of liver damage appear.
• Peripheral Neuropathy: Use with caution in patients with pre-existing conditions that predispose to neuropathy.
• Renal Function: Use it with caution if you have impaired renal function. Adjust dosage as necessary.
• Pregnancy and Infants: Avoid use during the last stages of pregnancy (38-42 weeks) and in infants under one month of age.
• Allergic Reactions: Be aware of potential for severe allergic reactions. Discontinue if any signs of hypersensitivity occur.

Storage Instructions

Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/020064Orig1s029lbl.pdf