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Levaquin (levofloxacin)

Indications

Levaquin is used to treat various bacterial infections, including:

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Effective for acute bacterial sinusitis, chronic bronchitis exacerbations, and community-acquired pneumonia.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Treats uncomplicated and complicated UTIs, including acute pyelonephritis.
• Skin Infections: Used for skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
• Prostatitis: Treats chronic bacterial prostatitis.
• Anthrax Exposure: Used as a prophylaxis following inhalational exposure to anthrax.
• Plague: Treats pneumonic and septicemic plague, as well as prophylaxis.

Dosage and Administration

• Take Levaquin exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water.
• Take Levaquin at the same time each day for consistency.
• Complete the full course of the medication, even if you start feeling better.
• Do not skip doses or stop taking Levaquin early, as this can lead to antibiotic resistance.
• Avoid taking Levaquin with dairy products, antacids, or supplements containing calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, or zinc within 2 hours before or after taking the medication.
• Do not take more than the prescribed dose.
• Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or tanning beds, as Levaquin can make you more sensitive to UV rays.

Mechanism of Action

Levaquin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes crucial for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. By blocking these enzymes, Levaquin effectively kills the bacteria and stops the infection.

Contraindications

• Allergy to Levofloxacin or Other Fluoroquinolones: Do not use if you have had an allergic reaction to levofloxacin or any other fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
• Tendinitis or Tendon Rupture: Avoid use if you have a history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use.
• Severe Central Nervous System Disorders: Not recommended for patients with a history of seizures or other significant CNS disorders.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless advised by your doctor.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Insomnia

Serious Side Effects

• Tendinitis and tendon rupture
• Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage)
• Central nervous system effects (e.g., seizures, tremors, anxiety, confusion)
• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing)
• Severe diarrhea (indicative of possible Clostridium difficile infection)
• Liver damage (e.g., jaundice, dark urine, severe stomach pain)

Precautions

• Tendon Health: Be cautious if you experience pain, swelling, or inflammation of tendons; avoid exercise and contact your doctor immediately.
• Peripheral Neuropathy: Be aware of any symptoms of nerve damage, such as pain, burning, tingling, or numbness.
• CNS Effects: Monitor for any unusual changes in mood, behavior, or neurological symptoms.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Diabetic patients should monitor blood sugar levels closely, as Levaquin can affect glucose levels.
• Photosensitivity: Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when exposed to sunlight.

Storage Instructions

• Store Levaquin tablets at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep the tablets in the original container to protect them from light and moisture.
• Keep out of reach of children.
• Do not use the tablets after the expiration date on the label.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/020634s065,020635s071,021721s032lbl.pdf

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