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Glucophage (metformin)

Indications

Glucophage is indicated for:

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Used to improve blood sugar control in adults and children with type 2 diabetes.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Sometimes prescribed to manage symptoms of PCOS, such as irregular menstrual cycles and insulin resistance.

Dosage and Administration

• Take Glucophage with food to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
• Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water; do not crush, chew, or break them.
• Adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage and timing as advised by your doctor.
• Regularly monitor your blood sugar levels as recommended by your healthcare provider.
• Avoid missing doses; if you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose.
• Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
• Limit or avoid alcohol consumption while taking Glucophage, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
• Do not stop taking Glucophage without consulting your doctor, as this can affect your blood sugar control.

Mechanism of Action

Glucophage works by decreasing glucose production in the liver, improving insulin sensitivity, and enhancing glucose uptake and utilization by muscles. This helps to lower blood sugar levels and improve overall glucose control.

Contraindications

• Severe Kidney Disease: Not recommended for patients with severe kidney problems or decreased kidney function.
• Liver Disease: Avoid use if you have significant liver disease or dysfunction.
• Metabolic Acidosis: Do not use in conditions that can cause metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Allergy to Metformin: Avoid if you have a known allergy to Metformin or any ingredients in the tablets.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Metallic taste in the mouth

Serious Side Effects:

• Lactic acidosis (symptoms include muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, and feeling cold)
• Vitamin B12 deficiency (symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and nerve damage)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing)

Precautions

• Medical History: Inform your doctor about your complete medical history, especially kidney, liver, or heart problems.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss with your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Surgical Procedures: Inform your healthcare provider if you are scheduled for any surgery or X-ray/scanning procedures that require injection of contrast dye.
• Regular Check-Ups: Regularly visit your healthcare provider for blood tests to monitor kidney function and vitamin B12 levels.
• Lifestyle Changes: Incorporate recommended lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise to improve the medication’s effectiveness.

Storage Instructions

• Store Glucophage tablets at room temperature, between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Protect from moisture; do not store it in the bathroom.
• Ensure the medication is kept out of reach of children and pets.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/020357s037s039,021202s021s023lbl.pdf