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Cipro (ciprofloxacin) 

Indications

Cipro is an antibiotic medicine that fights bacteria and is used to treat different infections in adults and children. Here are some common: 

• Skin and Skin Structure Infections 
• Bone and Joint Infections 
• Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections 
• Infectious Diarrhea 
• Typhoid Fever (Enteric Fever) 
• Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea 
• Inhalational Anthrax post-exposure 
• Plague 
• Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis 
• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (e.g., Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis) 
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), including Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Complicated UTIs and Pyelonephritis 

Dosage and Administration

• Take Cipro exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. 
• Take Cipro tablets in the morning and evening at the same times each day. 
• Swallow the tablet whole; do not split, crush, or chew it. Inform your healthcare provider if you cannot swallow the tablet whole. 
• Drink plenty of fluids while taking Cipro. 
• Do not take Cipro with dairy products (like milk or yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone. However, you can take it with a meal that contains these products. 

Mechanism of Action 

Cipro works by stopping two important enzymes that bacteria need to make and repair their DNA. Without these enzymes, the bacteria can’t grow or fix themselves, so they die, and the infection gets better. 

Contraindications 

• Known allergy to Ciprofloxacin or other similar antibiotics.
• Do not take Cipro if you are also taking tizanidine.

Side Effects 

Common Side Effects: 

• Nausea 
• Diarrhea 
• Dizziness 
• Headache 

Serious Side Effects: 

• Severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) 
• Liver problems (e.g., hepatitis, jaundice) 
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea 
• QT prolongation (heart rhythm changes) 

Precautions 

• Allergic Reactions: Serious and sometimes life-threatening reactions, like severe allergic reactions, can happen after the first or later doses. Stop taking Cipro right away if you get a skin rash, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or any signs of an allergic reaction.
• Liver Problems: Stop taking Cipro immediately if you notice symptoms of liver problems, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or severe fatigue.
• Severe Diarrhea: If you get severe diarrhea, check with your doctor, as it could be a sign of a serious infection.
• Heart Rhythm Changes: Cipro can cause changes in heart rhythm. Avoid taking it if you have known heart rhythm issues, low potassium levels, or are taking other medications that affect heart rhythm.

Storage Instructions 

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). You can keep between 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) as well. 

References 

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/019537s086lbl.pdf  

Traveler’s Diarrhea Related Medications

Rifaximin | Norfloxacin | Levofloxacin | Ofloxacin | Ciprofloxacin