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Actos (pioglitazone)

Indications

• Used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes as part of a treatment plan that may include diet and exercise.
• It helps improve insulin sensitivity, making the body’s cells more responsive to insulin.
• Often used in combination with other diabetes medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin.

Dosage and Administration

• Take the tablet exactly as prescribed by your doctor, usually once daily.
• Swallow the tablet whole with water, with or without food.
• Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Do not take more than the prescribed dose; follow your doctor’s instructions.
• Avoid taking the medication if you have active bladder cancer.
• Do not stop taking Actos without consulting your doctor, even if you feel well.

Mechanism of Action

Pioglitazone, the active ingredient in Actos, is a thiazolidinedione. It works by increasing the sensitivity of liver, fat, and muscle cells to insulin. This helps lower blood sugar levels by allowing these cells to remove glucose from the blood more effectively. Additionally, pioglitazone reduces glucose production in the liver.

Contraindications

• Allergic Reaction: Do not use the medication if you are allergic to pioglitazone or any other ingredients in Actos.
• Heart Failure: Avoid using Actos if you have severe heart failure or a history of heart failure.
• Bladder Cancer: Do not take it if you have active bladder cancer or a history of bladder cancer.
• Liver Disease: Use with caution if you have severe liver impairment, unless advised by a doctor.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Sore throat
• Weight gain
• Fluid retention

Serious Side Effects:

• Heart failure (shortness of breath, rapid weight gain, swelling)
• Bladder cancer (blood in urine, urgent need to urinate, pain during urination)
• Liver problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, severe stomach pain)
• Bone fractures (especially in women)

Precautions

• Regular Monitoring: Regularly check your liver function and blood sugar levels as recommended by your doctor.
• Bladder Health: Report any symptoms of bladder problems immediately.
• Weight Monitoring: Be aware of potential weight gain and fluid retention; manage with diet and exercise.
• Other Medications: Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Surgery: Inform your surgeon you are using Actos if you are scheduled for surgery.

Storage Instructions

• Store at room temperature between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
• Keep away from excessive moisture; do not store in the bathroom.
• Protect from light to maintain efficacy.
• Keep out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/021073s043s044lbl.pdf