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Premarin (conjugated estrogens)

Indications

• Premarin is used to treat symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, burning, and irritation.
• It helps prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by maintaining bone density.
• Premarin is prescribed to treat hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration, or primary ovarian failure.
• It is used in the management of atrophic vaginitis and kraurosis vulvae.
• Premarin can treat certain types of breasts and prostate cancer in men and women.

Dosage and Administration

• Take Premarin exactly as prescribed by your doctor, usually once daily. You can take Premarin with or without food.
• Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding the duration of therapy; it is often prescribed for short-term use.
• Have regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor your progress and assess the need for continuing treatment.
• Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with your treatment goals.
• Do not skip doses or stop taking Premarin without consulting your doctor, as it can affect the treatment outcome.
• Avoid smoking while taking Premarin, as it increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects.
• Do not take Premarin if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
• Do not take more than the prescribed dose, as it can increase the risk of severe side effects.
• Avoid using Premarin if you have a history of hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast or uterine cancer.

Mechanism of Action

Premarin contains a mixture of conjugated estrogens, which are a combination of estrogen hormones. These hormones replace the estrogen that your body loses during menopause. Estrogen helps regulate various processes in the body, including the maintenance of the reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. By supplementing estrogen levels, Premarin alleviates menopausal symptoms and helps prevent bone loss.

Contraindications

• Do not take Premarin if you have undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding.
• Avoid Premarin if you have a known allergy to conjugated estrogens or any of its ingredients.
• Do not use Premarin if you have a history of breast cancer, hormone-dependent tumors, or active liver disease.
• Avoid taking Premarin if you have a history of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack.
• Do not use Premarin if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

• Headache
• Nausea
• Breast tenderness
• Abdominal cramps
• Bloating

Serious Side Effects

• Increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack
• Severe allergic reactions, including rash, itching, swelling, and trouble breathing
• Vision changes, such as sudden loss of vision or blurred vision
• Unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting
• Signs of liver problems, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, and severe stomach pain

Precautions

• Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
• Report any unusual vaginal bleeding immediately to your doctor.
• Have regular physical exams, including breast exams and mammograms, while taking Premarin.
• Discuss the risks and benefits of Premarin with your doctor if you have a history of cardiovascular disease or risk factors for it.
• Monitor your blood pressure regularly, as Premarin can cause an increase in blood pressure.
• If you have diabetes, monitor your blood sugar levels closely, as estrogen can affect blood glucose control.

Storage Instructions

• Store Premarin at room temperature, between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep the tablets in a dry place and in their original container, tightly closed.
• Store Premarin out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not store Premarin in extreme heat or cold.

References

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/004782s162s164s167lbl.pdf